A 51 year old male patient resident of Miryalguda , farmer by occupation ,presented with a chief complaint of
1. Fever since 10 days
2. Cough with sputum since 10 days
3. Shortness of breath since 7 days
History of present illness
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 days back then developed following symptoms
Fever which was insidious in onset and it was associated with chills and rigors with diurnal variation which was more during the night and was relieved on medication
He then developed Expectorate Cough which gradually progressed more during the nights followed a similar diurnal pattern . It aggrevated during exposure to colder climates .The sputum was scanty and yellow which was non foul smelling
Cough was associated with Chest pain which was non radiating in nature and aggrevated on lying down relieved on sitting upright
He later developed gradually Dyspnea which went on to interfere his daily activities (indicating MMRC Grade 3 / 4 ) and eventually progressed to orthopnea
No history of wheeze
Past history
No history of
Asthma
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertension
Epilepsy
Tb 5 yrs back
Family history
Not relevant
Personal history
Sleep: disturbed due to SOB
Bowel and bladder regular
Appetite: normal
Diet: Mixed
No food or drug allergies
Addictions : smoking since 40 yrs ( 10 cigarettes a day )
Smoking index 400
Alcohol since 40 yrs
Examination
Patient was conscious coherent and cooperative
Seems to be undernourished
Vitals
Pulse
82 bpm
Regular
Normal volume
Bp 100/70 mm hg
Respiratory rate 29 cpm
On physical examination
Pallor absent
Icterus absent
Cynosis absent
Clubbing absent
Lymphadenopathy absent
Pedal Edema absent
Systemic examination
Respiratory
Upper respiratory tract examination
Nostrils : Normal
Nasal septum: No deviated nasal septum
Nasal polyps: No nasal polyps
Tonsils :No enlarged tonsils
Posterior pharyngeal wall appears to be normal
Inspection
Shape and symmetry :Elliptical and symmetrical
Spine: central
Trachea :Appears to be central
Respiratory movements decreased on left side
Breathing pattern was Thoracoabdominal
No visible pulsations
No visible scars or sinuses
Palpation
Spine is central
Trachea is central
Dimensions AP
Transverse 23.5
Chest expansion was increased on right side
Vocal fremitus was increased on left infra clavicular and mammary region
Apex beat was felt on 5 th intercostal space medial to MCL
Percussion
On percussion dull note was heard on
Left infra clavicular
Left mammary
Auscultation
Tubular breath sounds decreased
There was an Increased vocal resonance on left infra clavicular and mammary ( bronchophony and whispering pectoriloquy
Crepitation were felt on left infra axillary region
Cvs
Normal S1 S2 heard
No murmurs
Apex beat felt on 5 th intercoastal space
No raised jvp
CNS
No focal deficits seen
Investigations
Differential diagnosis
Pneumonia
TUBERCULOSIS
Interstitial lung disease
DIAGNOSIS
Fibrosis in the left apical region possibly due to exacerbated copd or old pulmonary tuberculosis.
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